Evaluation of a method to assess digitally recorded surgical skills of novice veterinary students          下载免费PDF全文

Julie A. Williamson DVM  MSc  AFAMEE  Robin Farrell DVM  Casey Skowron BS  Brigitte A. Brisson DMV  DVSc  DACVS  Stacy Anderson DVM  MVSc  PhD  DACVS‐LA  Dawn Spangler DVM  Jason Johnson DVM  MS  DACT 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2018,47(3):378-384

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Supplementation with sunflower seeds in beef cattle did not impact on oocyte and in vitro embryo production          下载免费PDF全文

AL Baltazar  GM de Mattos  BM Ropelli  SMG Firetti  C Castilho  G Pugliesi  MBC Maldonado  M Binelli  JOF Silva  GC Lupatini  BS Lafuente  CMB Membrive 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(3):801-808

Supplementation with compounds rich in linoleic acid, including sunflower seed supplementation, promotes increase in conception rates in cows. We aimed to evaluate whether the sunflower seed (linoleic acid source) supplementation in beef donor females alters the plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL, increases the number and quality of oocytes, increases the cleavage rates and determines an improvement in number and quality of in vitro produced blastocysts. Thus, Nelore females were divided into two groups of 15 animals to receive supplementation with or without sunflower seed for 57 days. Females underwent follicular aspiration and the oocytes were subjected to in vitro embryo production. There was no difference (p > .1) between control group and group supplemented with sunflower seed on the number of displayed follicles; number of aspired oocytes; recovery rate; cleavage rate; number of embryos; number of blastocysts; embryos number of grades I and II; plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides; HDL and LDL. Therefore, sunflower seed supplementation in oocyte donors did not increase the number and quality of oocytes, cleavage rates and the number and quality of blastocysts produced in vitro.  相似文献   

Effect of Restricted Grazing on Hindgut pH and Fluid Balance     

Paul D. Siciliano  Sterling Schmitt  BS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

Six mature idle geldings were used in a crossover design to determine the effects of restricted grazing on hindgut pH and fluid balance. Initially, horses were randomly assigned to a control group (CTRL: n = 3) having access to warm-season grass pasture continuously, or a restricted grazing (RG: n = 3) group having access to pasture for 12 consecutive hours (1900-700 hours) per 24-hour period for 7 days; they were then reassigned to the opposite treatment for an additional 7 days (i.e., CTRL: n = 6; RG: n = 6). Fecal samples were collected from each horse at 700 hours on day 7 of each period and analyzed for pH and dry matter (DM) as indicators of hindgut pH and fluid balance, respectively. Jugular blood samples were also collected at 700, 1300, and 1900 hours on day 7 and were analyzed for plasma protein as an indicator of systematic fluid balance. Fecal pH and DM data were analyzed using a paired t test. Plasma protein data were analyzed as a repeated-measures design. The mean (± SE) difference between CTRL and RG for fecal pH (.01 ± .16) and fecal DM (.68 ± .6%) was not significant (P = .93 and .52, respectively). Mean plasma protein concentrations were not affected by treatment or by treatment × sample time interaction, but tended to increase (P = .07) during the sampling period regardless of treatment. In conclusion, 12 hours of grazing restriction followed by 12 hours of grazing did not negatively impact hindgut pH or fluid balance.  相似文献   

Postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction in a dog     

Reid K. Nakamura DVM  DACVECC  Ilana C. Zuckerman BS  Danielle L. Yuhas DVM  DACVIM  Renee K. Fenty DVM  DACVECC  Domenico Bianco DVM  PhD  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2012,22(6):710-715

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Cemented Total Knee Replacement in 24 Dogs: Surgical Technique, Clinical Results, and Complications     

MATTHEW J. ALLEN  VetMB  PhD    KENDALL A. LEONE  BS    KIMBERLY LAMONTE  BPS    KATY L. TOWNSEND  BVSc    KENNETH A. MANN  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(5):555-567

Objective— To characterize the performance of cemented total knee replacement (TKR) in dogs.
Study Design— Preclinical research study.
Animals— Skeletally mature, male Hounds (25–30 kg; n=24) with no preexisting joint pathology.
Methods— Dogs had unilateral cemented TKR and were evaluated at 6, 12, 26, or 52 weeks (6 dogs/time point) by radiography, bone density analysis, visual gait assessment, and direct measurement of thigh circumference and stifle joint range of motion as indicators of functional recovery. At study end, the stability of the cemented tibial component was determined by destructive mechanical testing.
Results— Joint stability was excellent in 16 dogs (67%) and good in 8 dogs. None of the tibial components had evidence of migration or periprosthetic osteolysis whereas 1 femoral component was loose at 52 weeks. There was an early and significant decrease in tibial bone density, likely because of disuse of the operated limb. Dogs returned to full activity by 12 weeks. The tibial cement–bone interface maintained its strength over 52 weeks.
Conclusions— Cement provides stable fixation of the tibial component in canine TKR.
Clinical Relevance— Cemented TKR yields adequate clinical function and stifle joint excursion in the dog. Clinical studies are needed to determine the long-term fate of cemented TKR implants, to assess the influence of implant design on implant fixation and wear, and to obtain objective functional data.  相似文献   

Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Induced Tendinopathy in Horses: Histologic Evaluation     

Leandro Maia MV  MS  Maria Vernica de Souza MV  MS  DS  Pharmacist-Biochemical  Jos Ivo Ribeiro Júnior BS  MS  DS  Acio Carlos de Oliveira  Geraldo Eleno Silveira Alves MV  MS  DS  Larcio dos Anjos Benjamin MV  MS  DS  Yamê Fabres Robaina Sancler Silva  Bruna Mota Zandim MV  Jos do Carmo Lopes Moreira MD  MS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2009,29(8):618-626

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the treatment of tendinopathy induced in the superficial digital flexor tendon (TFDS) of horses, by using histologic evaluation. Six healthy crossbred geldings aged 8 to 15 years (12 ± 3) were used. The TFDS tendinopathy was provoked in both forelimbs, by intratendinous administration of 2.5 mg collagenase (2.5 mg/mL), and this procedure was considered as the beginning of the experimental phase. At 12 days after induction of the tendinopathy, the animals were subjected to the following treatments: (1) in the lesion caused in the right superficial digital flexor tendon (PRP-treated group), 2.5 mL PRP activated with calcium chloride at 0.0125 mol/L at concentrations from 320,000 to 500,000 platelets/μL, were injected; (2) in the tendinopathy of the left SDFT (control group), 2.5 mL 0.9% saline solution was administrated. Thirty-six days after the treatments, a biopsy of the injured area was performed for histologic evaluation. In both groups, the histologic analysis showed an increase in the fibroblastic density, as well as the presence of neovascularization, lymphocytes, and plasmocytes infiltrate and tissue organization at variable intensity. In the PRP-treated group, the SDFT was more organized, with the collagen fibers and fibroblasts being better arranged on the tendon matrix. The numbers of the fibroblasts and blood vessels did not differ between the groups. Histologic evaluation 36 days after tendinopathy showed that injuries under a single PRP treatment present a more uniform and organized tissue repair when compared with the control group.  相似文献   

Variation of Insulin Sensitivity Estimates in Horses     

S.E. Pratt  P.D. SicilianoL. Walston  BS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2009

In the horse, resting insulin concentration (INS), the glucose-to-insulin ratio (G:I), and the reciprocal of the square root of insulin (RISQI = 1/√INS) are commonly used to estimate insulin sensitivity, whereas the modified insulin-to-glucose ratio (MIRG = [800 – 0.30 × (INS -50)²]/(GLU – 30) is used to estimate pancreatic beta-cell responsiveness. Because no estimates of their within-horse variability and repeatability have been reported, the objective of this study was to evaluate the within-horse variation of these estimates. Resting blood samples were obtained from six healthy equids (three geldings, two mares; mean ± SD body weight, 525.0 ± 43.36 kg; mean age, 9.8 ± 8.2 years; and one pony gelding: 293 kg; 12 years) on three consecutive days in week 1 and again in week 2. Samples were collected at 12:00 noon, approximately 6 hours postprandially. Serum insulin and plasma glucose (GLU) concentrations were analyzed and used to calculate G:I, RISQI, and MIRG, as well as the insulin to glucose ratio (I:G). The coefficient of variation was used to determine within-horse variation, and repeatability was determined using the repeatability coefficient (RC; measurements from a single horse should differ less than the RC for 95% of the pairs). The mean coefficients of variation (CVs) for resting GLU, INS, G:I, I:G, MIRG, and RISQI were 5.5%, 33.7%, 36.0%, 31.6%, 22.3%, and 18.6%, respectively. All variables had values that differed more than the RC in at least one horse. These data suggest that care should be taken when interpreting insulin sensitivity estimates from a single blood sample.  相似文献   

In Vitro Compaction of Germinal Vesicle Chromatin is Beneficial to Survival of Vitrified Cat Oocytes     

P Comizzoli  DE Wildt  BS Pukazhenthi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):269-274

The immature cat oocyte contains a large-sized germinal vesicle (GV) with decondensed chromatin that is highly susceptible to cryo-damage. The aim of the study was to explore an alternative to conventional cryopreservation by examining the influence of GV chromatin compaction using resveratrol (Res) exposure (a histone deacetylase enhancer) on oocyte survival during vitrification. In Experiment 1, denuded oocytes were exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mmol/l Res for 1.5 h and then evaluated for chromatin structure or cultured to assess oocyte meiotic and developmental competence in vitro . Exposure to 1.0 or 1.5 mmol/l Res induced complete GV chromatin deacetylation and the most significant compaction. Compared to other treatments, the 1.5 mmol/l Res concentration compromised the oocyte ability to achieve metaphase II (MII) or to form a blastocyst. In Experiment 2, denuded oocytes were exposed to Res as in Experiment 1 and cultured in vitro either directly (fresh) or after vitrification. Both oocyte types then were assessed for meiotic competence, fertilizability and ability to form embryos. Vitrification exerted an overall negative influence on oocyte meiotic and developmental competence. However, ability to reach MII, achieve early first cleavage, and develop to an advanced embryo stage (8–16 cells) was improved in vitrified oocytes previously exposed to 1.0 mmol/l Res compared to all counterpart treatments. In summary, results reveal that transient epigenetic modifications associated with GV chromatin compaction induced by Res is fully reversible and beneficial to oocyte survival during vitrification. This approach has allowed the production of the first cat embryos from vitrified immature oocytes.  相似文献   

Acute noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in an anesthetized Nubian goat kid     

Jordyn M Boesch DVM    Robin D Gleed BVSc  Diplomate ACVA    Jason W Gagne BS    Kyla Ortved DVM    Nathan L Dykes DVM  Diplomate ACVR  & William A Horne DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVA 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(6):567-573

ObservationsA 1-month-old Nubian goat presented for sialocyst resection. Physical examination and bloodwork were unremarkable. While pre-oxygenating, the goat was sedated with midazolam and morphine (0.1 mg kg^?1 each) intravenously (IV). General anesthesia was induced 5 minutes later with 1.7 mg kg^?1 propofol. Sevoflurane was administered in oxygen without assisted ventilation via a cuffed orotracheal tube. Throughout the first 85 minutes of anesthesia, the goat was well-oxygenated (SpO₂, ≥97%), ventilating adequately (Pe′CO₂, 36–48 mmHg), and had normal mean arterial blood pressure (MAP, 60–85 mmHg). Blood-gas values at 45 minutes were consistent with adequate ventilation on oxygen. At 75 minutes, the goat moved in response to surgical stimulation, requiring additional propofol (0.4 mg kg^?1). After 10 minutes, MAP dropped precipitously to 40 mmHg and frequent multiform premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) were observed. Crystalloids, hetastarch, and dopamine (5 μg kg^?1 minute^?1) were administered to correct the hypotension. Arterial blood-gas analysis revealed that the goat had become hypoxemic (PaO₂, 50 mmHg). Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) was initiated. Subsequent blood-gas analysis did not show significant improvement in PaO₂ (53 and 56 mmHg, respectively). Occasional PVCs were observed thereafter. Surgery ended, and sevoflurane and IPPV were discontinued. The goat was extubated within 7 minutes and received 100% oxygen by mask. Diffuse crackles were ausculted over both hemithoraces. Suspecting pulmonary edema, furosemide (1 mg kg^?1) was administered IV. Radiographs taken immediately post-operatively revealed a severe, caudodorsal airspace (alveolar) pattern, confirming the diagnosis. Respiration improved considerably within an hour with nasal oxygen and two additional doses of furosemide.ConclusionsThe goat developed acute, drug-induced, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in response to the second dose of propofol.  相似文献   

Determination of cardiac output in neonatal foals by ultrasound velocity dilution and its comparison to the lithium dilution method     

Andre Shih DVM  ; Steeve Giguère  DVM  PhD  DACVIM  ; L. Chris Sanchez  DVM  PhD  DACVIM  ; Alexander Valverde  DVM  DVSc  DACVA  ; Carsten Bandt DVM  DACVECC  ; Hope Jankunas BS    Sheilah Robertson BVMS  PhD  MRCVS  DECVA  DACVA 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2009,19(5):438-443

Objective – To compare cardiac output (CO) measured by use of lithium dilution (LiDCO) and ultrasound velocity dilution (UDCO) in conditions of high, intermediate, and low CO in anesthetized foals.
Design – Original prospective study.
Setting – University teaching hospital.
Animals – Six foals 1–3 days of age (38–45 kg).
Interventions – Neonatal foals were anesthetized and instrumented to measure direct blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, and CO. The CO was measured by use of LiDCO and UDCO techniques. Measurements were obtained from each foal at baseline and during low, intermediate, and high CO states. Measurements were converted to cardiac index (cardiac index=CO/body weight) values for statistical analysis. Agreement between the 2 methods was determined using Bland and Altman analysis and concordance correlation coefficients.
Measurements and Main Results – LiDCO determinations of CO ranged between 4.0 and 14.0 L/min resulting in cardiac index ranging between 75.5 and 310 mL/kg/min. There was no significant effect of blood pressure variation on bias or relative bias ( P =0.62 and 0.93, respectively). The mean bias and relative bias of UDCO (±SD) compared with LiDCO were −20.1±39.2 mL/kg/min and −7.7±23.4%, respectively. Concordance correlation coefficient between LiDCO and UDCO was 0.833.
Conclusions – When compared with LiDCO, the UDCO technique has acceptable clinical utility for measuring CO in healthy anesthetized newborn foals.  相似文献